Equity requires all children’s rights to education, and their rights within and through education to realize their potential and aspirations. It also requires implementing and institutionalizing arrangements that help ensure all children can achieve these aims.

Inclusion requires responding to the diversity of needs among all learners, through increasing participation in learning, cultures, and communities, and reducing exclusion from within education. It involves changes in content, approaches, structures, and strategies, driven by a common vision that covers all children and the conviction that it is the responsibility of the regular system to educate all of them.

In the world, there are about 72 million children who are still out of school and those children are somehow excluded from the educational opportunity. Furthermore, among those who are attending schools, a number of children are not getting a complete primary education or not experiencing the qualified learning.
For examples, there are children from poor families, children in remote rural communities, girls, children with disabilities, children from ethnic or other minority groups, children infected or affected by HIV, working children, or children in countries affected by conflicted or natural disaster. Furthermore, gender inequality is a cross-cutting issue in every type of educational disadvantage.

In April 2010, UN proposed the solution and guide to access the problem. The guide was formed by ten focus points: acknowledging the baseline data, acknowledging the barriers, setting up the policies, making strategies to promote equity and inclusion, forming institution, establishing schools, participating community, volunteering teachers, and setting the right curriculum and budgets.